今日看的李偉文時間管理的文章要人少浪費時間在社群媒體,連email也要侷限於一日1次並且限時;但另一方面卻要人多看小說、電影戲劇。並且不論聽演講和閱讀都要試著在事後寫一篇簡短的評論,當成紀錄。一方面培養自己的思辨能力,另一方面持續記錄輸出一輩子受用。 除此之外我想他要的事能加深聽講和閱讀觀看書籍小說戲劇電影演講的印象,另一方面也從中多學些 待人處世之道 人生智慧哲理 。

近日也剛好從Yahoo戲劇中看到【浪漫醫生金師傅2】,之前看過1,所以知道很好看 ,於是密集的追劇 。

原本帶著很大的罪惡感,但看到後來,隨著劇情演變,越來越多接近現實的劇情與點出的人生哲理讓我覺得時間沒有浪費 。

 

先說說未被編劇點出的部分 :

反派度理事長是完全抱著資本主義觀念的代表, 對醫院經營完全以營利投資為目標,凡是利字擺第一 ,沒道義沒朋友失人心。讓我聯想到川普,想起美國1968年通過某個法案之後,導致醫院經營績效以空床率來做衡量指標,導致至今雖然人口早已大幅成長,但全國的總病床數反而減少;健康福利政策也是!導致這回新冠肺炎疫情嚴重,達全世界之最(目前) 。

另一個未被點出的則是朴院長旁的楊俊浩醫生,社會上某些人的生存之道就是拼命抱著強者的大腿,寄望跟著強者一起飛黃騰達,抱久了後很可能出現出賣靈魂、鋌而走險等沒道義,甚至違法的事 。

 

點出的人生哲理:

🍀 人生的問題不在於和別人比較,而在於自己的選擇

🍀 無論踏上哪條船,做什麼選擇,都讓都不要懷疑自己 

🍀 錦鯉法則:一隻魚要長多大,主要是因為他所在的魚缸有多大 

🍀 人啊,你有多相信他,他的表現就有多好。有多愛惜他,他做事就有多仔細;有多肯定他,他就會有多少成長。 

🍀 隨著選擇的周遭環境和想法,會製造出截然不同的結果

🍀 理想焦慮效應:提升行動力的適當壓力

🍀 浪漫(理想)長存的法則:即使多數人明知他們存在,卻相信並不存在。在這同時卻仍希望某些人能堅守那些美好的價值

🍀 所謂活下去,就是每天踏上新的道路,不論你是否願意,都會日復一日與迎面而來的現實正面交鋒,雖然不能迅速獲得答案,我們絕不能放棄。

🍀 探究為何活著,又為何而活 ?在放棄這種疑問的瞬間,我們的浪漫(理想)也終將凋零

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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我們為什麼修習?我們的目標是什麼?我們到底想要透過這種修習達到什麼效果 ?
允許我為什麼有大師?為什麼有導師?我為什麼要冥想?我生活的目的是什麼? 

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從很早以前就常聽人家說冥想打坐的種種好處, 過程也看過不少科普方面的文章述說打坐冥想的好處,因此對打坐冥想有益身心的論述也深信不疑,雖然一直以來自己都還未能體驗到他們說的那些境界,也因此打坐一直都是斷斷續續,想到才做。 


前天與芬一起參加與Rohit預約的一對一冥想,我一樣仍是雜念不斷,Rohit於是問我有沒有做每日的清理,我如實回答幾乎沒有。他說每日的清理很重要一定要做,就算只做5分鐘。因為還沒有養成這個習慣,所以昨天晚上睡前想起了就做了,並接著做睡前的禱告 期盼能早日進步。


今天起床因為有做夢,夢境中被朋友忽略/背叛, 留下不好的印記,於是先做了清理接著做冥想 ,雖然初始也有少許雜念,但後來我確確實實的在心中感受到光、看到光 被明亮的光環繞,這樣子持續好一段時間,後來周遭是一片如宇宙般的虛無,只點綴著無數的點點星光,彷彿太空船置身在浩瀚的宇宙般。(這就是,如後所述,所謂的虛無/太虛?),終於感受到何謂心無雜念。(真的無任何想法,只有前述的感覺) 。 終於了解冥想≠昏睡, 是種醒覺的狀態,醒覺而無雜念。


我想或許這就是為什麼皇道瑜珈教的冥想靜坐一開始是教人想像心中有光,而不像一般傳統靜坐教人專注呼吸。
結束後突然想看一下案頭書,於是選的書架上最小最薄的一本小書,正好是黃庭禪創辦人張慶祥先生寫的"失落的內心, 翻開第一面,畫的正是一個打坐的人的形狀只標出胸部的中心,似乎跟皇道瑜珈相呼應,卻又有點些微的不同 。

裡面第4~8頁說到:
很多人喜歡引證楞嚴經卷裡說「既不在內亦不在外,不在中間俱無所在,一切無著是名為心」於是便下了一個結論說:「心是遍滿太虛,無所不在的 」。
又提到在大般若涅槃經第30卷裡面,曾有六道大師 認為 「心無所不在遍滿太虛」而佛陀為了證明『心不是無所不在,也不是遍滿太虛的』,而與他們進行了一段非常精彩的辯論,只是因為大藏經有5000多卷,就算每天讀一卷也得花上14年的時間,所以很少人曾經看過這段經文,也因此才有機會讓這種似是而非的論調至今仍然迷惑無數的人。

大般涅槃經第30卷:

六師言『瞿雲,色亦非我,乃至識(感覺、想法)亦非我,我者遍一切處,猶如虛空』
譯:六位外道大師說:「佛陀啊,這色身終究不是我的,甚至所感受到的感覺想法也不是我的,真我遍佈在一切地方,就像虛空一樣無所不在」。
佛言:「若遍有者,則不應言『我初不見』,若初不見,則知是見本無今有。若本無今有,是名無常,若無常者云何言遍」
譯:佛陀答說:如果你真的已經如虛空遍滿在一切地方,那麼你就不應該說這地方我以前沒見過,如果這地方你未來之前沒見過,那麼就知道你現在所見到的景像你本來沒見過,而是今天人到這兒才見到的,如果這景象是你人到這裡才見到的,這就叫做「無常」。也就是你並非當下就能見到宇宙間的一切事物,若是你的知見這樣的無常,怎能妄說你與太虛一樣遍滿在一切處呢?
佛又說: 「若遍有者,五道之中皆應有身,若有身者應各受報,云何而言轉受人天?」
譯:佛陀又說「若是你真的已經遍佈在一切處,那麼六道除了你正在經歷的人道之外,其他天、阿修羅、地獄、餓鬼、畜生等五道,也應該同時有你的身心存在,那麼你應該同時感受到其他五道的苦樂果報,但如果你正同時在感受著六道的苦樂果報,又為什麼要勸人好好修行,以便從惡道裡面求生到天、人的善道裡面來呢?」
 


之所以列出所讀到的這些文字,是因為覺得終於了解這裡面的玄妙,外道大師講的其實是入定後的感覺, 而佛陀講的是邏輯是真理。
到目前為止,我個人認為佛教其實不是宗教而是哲學,一種自然/宇宙真理的哲學。而基督/天主教,才是宗教,講的是神、是愛。

 
toDo: google 是否所提的經文確也那些文字?


Reference:
皇道瑜珈(滿心冥想):https://www.sahajmarg.org/literature/online/speeches/toronto-20150605
http://en.heartfulness.org/

 

 

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摘自網路
盆栽基本術語認識^_^。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、盆栽的類型:
盆栽的種類=可分為五大類,現皆以此為劃分。
松柏盆栽>>通常是以常綠樹為主,細分為松樹及柏樹。在台灣而言,有許多並不是常綠樹的樹種,在冬天一樣不掉葉,這是因為氣候的問題,一般來說還是以松柏為主要的樹種。
雜木盆栽>>大多以會落葉的樹種為主,如槭、楓、櫸、榆等;雜木盆栽的美麗之處在於,四季都可看見它的美,如春天的新芽,夏天的綠葉,秋天的紅、黃葉,冬天的寒樹之姿(即葉子落光之後)。
花卉盆栽>>以賞其花為主的樹種,像是梅、杜鵑、紫藤、茶花等,大多的花卉盆栽,其觀賞期都不長,無法像前兩種可常年觀賞,但辛苦栽培,看見花開的時候,卻覺得這是值得的。
果物盆栽>>以賞果為重點的盆栽,如過年大家最喜愛的金柑、橘或是花梨、石榴等,有些也是兼可賞花。
草物盆栽>>凡以多年生的草本植物或一年生的草本植物,及球莖植物皆可作為草物盆栽。

二、盆栽的樹形:

直幹=從樹頭部份至樹芯(樹的頂端)為止,樹幹筆直的豎立著,即是直幹的樹形。
模樣=所謂模樣木即是樹幹有前後左右彎曲,但弧度不會太大,在頂端的樹芯幾乎會回到根的中心點,這是大部份盆栽最常用的樹形。
立木=介於直幹和模樣木中間的樹形,沒有直幹的直,卻也沒有模樣木的那麼彎。
多幹=只有一根幹的叫單幹,那麼複幹以上的都稱為多幹,但需要注意的是,多幹是由樹頭部份(樹的基部)所伸出的,和連根及吹筏有所不同。
連根=在地下的根連結在一起,由根的部份伸展出來複數的幹,這稱為連根的樹形。
吹筏=吹筏的原理在於大自然的摧殘之下,樹木倒下之後,由單面的枝成為了幹,由原來的幹轉成了根。
懸崖=在自然中,有些樹生長在懸崖旁或是海邊的斷崖處,樹幹垂下生長,這便是懸崖樹形,以樹形來說,低於盆面以下的即是純懸崖,那偏高盆面的,便是半懸崖。
文人=從樹的基部開始,至頂尖幾乎沒有下枝,祇有頂端有枝,有如古代瘦弱的讀書人(可能是古代讀書人缺乏運動,所以大多這樣形容,文弱書生)。
斜幹=幹向某一邊傾斜的伸展,這種樹形是模擬樹木在強風的地方或是有障礙地方所形成的。
露根=即是種植的樹木露出根部,在自然的生態中,樹木遇到雨水沖刷或是風吹帶走沙土,所表現出來的。
風吹=因為受到強風吹襲,幾乎所有的枝都往同一個方向生長,即是風吹的樹形。
蟠幹=幹被極端的地壓擠所形成的,從樹基的地方,即呈現彎曲,通常較少出現在大自然之中,在盆栽中多以人力方式來達成。
附石=將樹木種植在石頭上或是石縫中,表現出攀附在山中或是海邊的岩石上,通常可表現出樹木根的張力。
合植=將數種或是數棵樹配植在同一個盆中,成為一個盆景是為合植,看起來像是天然的樹林,有粗有細的各種樹形。

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網路摘錄
大家都說迷迭香要土質疏鬆通風,不要太溼。
但是我的種植經驗好像不太一樣。
我用了幾種不同土質種迷迭香,都是陽台半日照,加有機肥。
1.沙質壤土:很通風,每天澆水還是乾乾的土質迷迭香長成木質化
,主幹有食指粗細,但細枝徒長葉子細小稀疏。
2.田土拌沙加一點唐金石:每天澆水土幾乎不會乾,主幹木質化
葉子稍大較密,生長狀態較好。
3.泥碳土加沙:只在小小苗開根好,主幹跟細枝一樣粗,整盆徒長軟趴趴。

我看過最漂亮的迷迭香是我阿姨種的,她用田土地植,全日照
肥料只用尿素,結果長的有半人高,一坨大概要兩人合抱
枝幹像小樹,葉子長成像雞毛撢子,還閃閃發亮。

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下次我跌倒時記得問我!
 【中風的徵兆

蘇西跌倒了。因為雪麗看到蘇西跌倒就立刻問了蘇西『三個問題』。而這『三個問題』卻救了蘇西的生命。
因為蘇西無法回答這三個問題所以她朋友就立即打119電話求救。
雖然蘇西的血壓正常同時看起來也沒有中風的樣子;但因為有『三個問題』的認知,蘇西被立即送到醫院。
請閱讀後並將這個方法學習起來!有時候中風的徵兆很難辨識,不幸的是,常因為未注意疏失往往造成了無法挽回的災禍。
中風患者常因旁邊的人沒有適時發現中風的徵兆,延誤救治而使患者腦部受損。
 
『三個問題』
*
要求病患展示笑容。
*
要求病患兩隻手都舉起來。
*
要求病患說出一句簡單的話。
如果病患無法做到這『三個問題』,就立即打119電話求救,並且告訴隨車的救護人員這是中風的徵兆。
有了這個發現後,一些非醫療單位的義工團員也能因為面部、手臂及語言的虛弱狀況來判斷中風的徵兆了。研究人員在二月份的美國中風協會年度會議中,展示了這個結論並鼓勵大眾將這個『三個問題』的方法學習起來,廣泛的傳遞並且應用。
這種詢問測試中風徵兆的方法,可以達成迅速診斷治療中風患者,還能避免患者的腦部受損。
 
一位心臟學家說,如果接到這封信就傳給十個人的話至少將會救活一個人的命 
 

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一堂生動的MBA案例課

我要從徐家彙趕去機場,於是匆匆結束了一個會議,在美羅大廈前搜索計程車。一輛大眾發現了我,非常專業的、徑直的停在我的面前。這一停,於是有了後面的這個讓我深感震撼的故事,象上了一堂生動的MBA案例課。為了忠實於這名計程車司機的原意,我憑記憶儘量重複他原來的話。

 “去哪里……好的,機場。我在徐家彙就喜歡做美羅大廈的生意。這裏我只做兩個地方。美羅大廈,均瑤大廈。你知道嗎?接到你之前,我在美羅大廈門口兜了兩圈,終於被我看到你了!從寫字樓裏出來的,肯定去的不近~~~”

 “哦?你很有方法嘛!”我附和了一下。

 “做計程車司機,也要用科學的方法。”他說。我一愣,頓時很有些興趣“什麼科學的方法?”

 “要懂得統計。我做過精確的計算。我說給你聽啊。我每天開17個小時的車,每小時成本34.5元……”

 “怎麼算出來的?”我追問。

 “你算啊,我每天要交380元,油費大概210元左右。一天17小時,平均每小時固定成本22元,交給公司,平均每小時12.5元油費。這是不是就是34.5元?”,我有些驚訝。我打了10年的車,第一次聽到有計程車司機這麼計算成本。以前的司機都和我說,每公里成本0.3元,另外每天交多少錢之類的。

 “成本是不能按公里算的,只能按時間算。你看,計價器有一個“檢查”功能。你可以看到一天的詳細記錄。我做過資料分析,每次載客之間的空駛時間平均為7分鐘。如果上來一個起步價,10元,大概要開10分鐘。也就是每一個10元的客人要花17分鐘的成本,就是9.8元。不賺錢啊!如果說做浦東、杭州、青浦的客人是吃飯,做10元的客人連吃菜都算不上,只能算是撒了些味精。”

強!這位師傅聽上去真不象計程車司機,到像是一位成本核算師。“那你怎麼辦呢?”  我更感興趣了,繼續問。看來去機場的路上還能學到新東西。

 “千萬不能被客戶拉了滿街跑。而是通過選擇停車的地點,時間,和客戶,主動地決定你要去的地方。”我非常驚訝,這聽上去很有意思。“有人說做計程車司機是靠運氣吃飯的職業。我以為不是。你要站在客戶的位置上,從客戶的角度去思考。”這句話聽上去很專業,有點象很多商業管理培訓老師說的“put yourself into others'shoes.”

 “給你舉個例子,醫院門口,一個拿著藥的,一個拿著臉盆的,你帶哪一個。”我想了想,說不知道。

 “你要帶那個拿臉盆的。一般人病小痛的到醫院看一看,拿點藥,不一定會去很遠的醫院。拿著臉盆打車的,那是出院的。住院哪有不死人的?今天二樓的誰死了,明天三樓又死了一個。從醫院出來的人通常會有一種重獲新生的感覺,重新認識生命的意義,健康才最重要。那天這個說:走,去青浦。眼睛都不眨一下。你說他會打車到人民廣場,再去做青浦線嗎?絕對不會!”

 我不由得開始佩服。

 “再給你舉個例子。那天人民廣場,三個人在前面招手。一個年輕女子,拿著小包,剛買完東西。還有一對青年男女,一看就是逛街的。第三個是個裏面穿絨襯衫的,外面羽絨服的男子,拿著筆記本包。我看一個人只要3秒鐘。我毫不猶豫地停在這個男子面前。這個男的上車後說:延安高架、南北高架~~~還沒說後面就忍不住問,為什麼你毫
不猶豫地開到我面前?前面還有兩個人,他們要是想上車,我也不好意思和他們搶。我回答說,中午的時候,還有十幾分鐘就1點了。那個女孩子是中午溜出來買東西的,估計公司很近;那對男女是遊客,沒拿什麼東西,不會去很遠;你是出去辦事的,拿著筆記本包,一看就是公務。而且這個時候出去,估計應該不會近。那個男的就說,你說對了,去寶山。”

 “那些在超市門口,地鐵口打車,穿著睡衣的人可能去很遠嗎?可能去機場嗎?機場也不會讓她進啊。”

 有道理!我越聽越有意思。

 “很多司機都抱怨,生意不好做啊,油價又漲了啊,都從別人身上找原因。我說,你永遠從別人身上找原因,你永遠不能提高。從自己身上找找看,問題出在哪里。”這話聽起來好熟,好像是“如果你不能改變世界,就改變你自己”,或者Steven Corvey的“影響圈和關注圈”的翻版。“有一次,在南丹路一個人攔車,去田林。後來又有一次,一個人
在南丹路攔車,還是去田林。我就問了,怎麼你們從南丹路出來的
人,很多都是去田林呢?人家說,在南丹路有一個公共汽車總站,我們都是坐公共汽車從浦東到這裏,然後搭車去田林的。我恍然大悟。比如你看我們開過的這條路,沒有寫字樓,沒有酒店,什麼都沒有,只有公共汽車站,站在這裏攔車的多半都是剛下公共汽車的,再選擇
一條最短路經打車。在這裏攔車的客戶通常不會高於15元。”

 “所以我說,態度決定一切!”我聽十幾個總裁講過這句話,第一次聽計程車司機這麼說。 “要用科學的方法,統計學來做生意。天天等在地鐵站口排隊,怎麼能賺到錢?每個月就賺500塊錢怎麼養活老婆孩子?這就是在謀殺啊!慢性謀殺你的全家。要用知識武裝自己。學習知識可以把一個人變成聰明的人,一個聰明的人學習知識可以變成很
聰明的人。一個很聰明的人學習知識,可以變成天才。”

 “有一次一個人打車去火車站,問怎麼走。他說這麼這麼走。我說慢,上高架,再這麼這麼走。他說,這就繞遠了。我說,沒關係,你經常走你有經驗,你那麼走50塊,你按我的走法,等里程表50塊了,我就翻表。你只給50快就好了,多的算我的。按你說的那麼走要50分鐘,我帶你這麼走只要25分鐘。最後,按我的路走,多走了4公里,快了25分鐘,我只收了50塊。乘客很高興,省了10元錢左右。這4公里對我來說就是1塊多錢的油錢。我相當於用1元多錢買了 25分鐘。我剛才說了,我一小時的成本34.5塊,我多合算啊!”

 “在大眾公司,一般一個司機3、4千,拿回家。做的好的大概5千左右。頂級的司機大概 每月能有7000。全大眾2萬個司機,大概只有2-3個司機,萬里挑一,每月能拿到8000以上。我就是這2-3個人中間的一個。而且很穩定,基本不會大的波動。”

 太強了!到此為止,我越來越佩服這個計程車司機。

 “我常常說我是一個快樂的車夫。有人說,你是因為賺的錢多,所以當然快樂。我對他們說,你們正好錯了。是因為我有快樂、積極的心態,所以賺的錢多。”

 說的多好啊!

 “要懂得體味工作帶給你的美。堵在人民廣場的時候,很多司機抱怨,又堵車了!真是倒楣。千萬不要這樣,用心體會一下這個城市的美,外面有很多漂亮的女孩子經過,非常現代的高樓大廈,雖然買不起,但是卻可以用欣賞的眼光去享受。開車去機場,看著兩邊的綠色,冬天是白色的,多美啊。再看看里程表,100 多了,就更美了!每一樣工作都有她美麗的地方,我們要懂得從工作中體會這種美麗。”

 “我10年前是強生公司的總教練。8年前在公司作過三個不同部門的部門經理。後來我不幹了 ,一個月就3、5千塊,沒意思。就主動來做司機。我願意做一個快樂的車夫。哈哈哈哈。”

到了機場,我給他留了一張名片,說:“你有沒有興趣這個星期五,到我辦公室,給微軟的員工講一講你怎麼開計程車的?你就當打著表,60公里一小時,你講多久,我就付你多少錢。給我電話。”

 我迫不及待的在飛機上記錄下他這堂生動的MBA課

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第一神童出家 寧做普通人 

大陸新聞中心/綜合報導

 

大陸上世紀七年代開創的天才兒童「少年班」,經過近卅年發展和觀察,發現當年的少年班孩童有的變成精神病,有的出了家,有的則是不知去向,這些發現與當年的期望有天壤之別。 

南方周末報報導,一九七八年整個大陸的媒體都在報導寧鉑,「第一神童」寧鉑兩歲半時能夠背誦卅多首毛澤東詩詞,三歲能數一百個數,四歲學會四百多個中文字,五歲上學,六歲學習「中醫學概論」和使用中草藥,八歲能下圍棋並熟讀「水滸傳」,十三歲與國務院副總理方毅下圍棋連贏兩盤,被稱為神童。 

中國科技大學專門為十三歲的寧鉑等多名神童成立天才兒童「少年班」。其他還有當時被譽為「未來諾貝爾獎得主」的謝彥波與另一名佼佼者干政。坎坷的命運從此籠罩他們身上。 

「少年班」成員擔負太多社會壓力,加上媒體曝光過度,往往造成人際關係、心理大受影響。 

寧鉑的興趣在天文學,想轉到南京大學,但被限制在原校讀他不喜歡的物理,後來離開校園,出家去了。 

謝彥波和干政與導師處不好,在大陸沒拿到博士學位,想到美國拿博士學位,但仍舊沒拿到,後來返回大陸。謝彥波以碩士的資格勉強在學校教書,但精神已有異狀,整天以為大家在窺伺他、要破壞他的學術成果;干政則患上嚴重精神疾病,失去了工作。 

當年的「少年班」班主任汪惠迪難過地說,當時各方面的因素,如宣傳、壓力、體制、教育方式,都對這幾個特殊的孩子不利。她曾一再告誡孩子,一定要把自己當作普通人,但收效甚微。 

反倒是不受到社會注意的其他同學,如今已有極大成就,例如秦祿昌,如今是美國北卡大學物理系和材料系教授,被稱為「奈米博士」;又如微軟公司的亞洲研究院首席科學家張亞勤。 

有關方面檢討錯誤,在重新培養天才兒童時,更重視孩子心理素質和成長。 

出家的寧鉑痛恨當年的錯誤,他曾表示,決不應該設計孩子的未來,應任其自由發展,哪怕最終只能做個普通人。

2005/07/25 聯合報】

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Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
       'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says

This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.  The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.  And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it  was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. My second story is about love and loss.  I was lucky - I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation- the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me - I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you
believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

 

 

My third story is about death. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything - all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.  I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.  This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.  Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.         Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.        Thank you all very much.

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I had been bothered by the whistling sound from the window whole night when Typhoon attacking Taiwan last night. Finally, I got up and tried to fix the problem. First I tried to use tissue paper to insert into the gap and block the air. It was hard to insert it well, especially for the tiny gaps. Then, I simply used tape, instead. It was easy to install and uninstall, and the whistling sound stoped.

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